寫作：書單與摘要

Part 1: IDEAS

Steph Ango. (2023). My writing process.

• half-formed idea
• bullet points
• 6+ months
• resonates with me right now
• pull out useful sentences
• make every sentence useful

Julian Shapiro. (2021). Writing Well Handbook: Ideas.

• Novelty: Oh, Wow, Crazy, Beautiful, Yes.
• Resonance: Stories, Analogies, Examples.

David Perell. (2019). Write of Passage.

• Personal (Entertaining): Stories
• Observational (Informative): Metaphors
• Playful (Intriguing): Coining Terms

Russell Brunson. (2020). Traffic Secrets.

• Inspire
• Educate
• Entertain

Susan M. Tiberghien. (2007). One Year to a Writing Life.

1. Choose and Tell: Choose an experience
2. Show: the elements of storytelling
3. Polish: the elements of poetry

Kieran Drew. (2023). High Impact Writing.

• Concise: 1 sentence, As short as possible.
• Curious: Emotion, Bold statement,Tease information
• Clear: What ‘s in it? Who is this for? Specificity.

Dickie Bush. (2021). How To Start Writing Online.

1. a strong, declarative sentence.
2. a controversial opinion.
3. a weird, unique insight.
4. a vulnerable statement.
5. a thought-provoking question.
6. a moment in time.

Part 2: PROCESS

Paul Graham. (2005). Writing, Briefly.

1. Write about stuff you like.
2. Write in a conversational tone.
3. Use simple, germanic words.
4. Use anaphora to knit sentences together.
5. Don't try to sound impressive.
6. Try to tell the reader something new and useful.

• Write a bad version 1 as fast as you can
• Rewrite it over and over.
• Cut out everything unnecessary.
• Be confident enough to cut.
• Read your essays out loud to see.

(a) where you stumble over awkward phrases
(b) which bits are boring (the paragraphs you dread reading)

1. Carry a small notebook or scrap paper with you.
2. Mull ideas over for a few days before writing.
3. Accumulate notes for topics you plan to cover at the bottom of the file.
4. Don't feel obliged to cover any of them.
5. Don't hesitate to change the topic on the fly.

Part 3: STYLE

『写作包含四大支柱：结构、风格、可读性和语法，它们如同保持椅子稳固的四条腿。结构关乎文章组织以及表述观点的顺序；风格是写作的方式，包括如何使用恰当的例证支撑所写内容；可读性与表达方式、写作材料的视觉愉悦感和易读性等有关；语法包括措词等，与语言表达形式的正确性和可接受性有关。』——罗伊尔，2013，一本小小的红色写作书。

Scott Adams. (2007). The Day You Became A Better Writer.

• Getting rid of extra words.
• First sentence needs to grab the reader.
• Write short sentences.
• Avoid putting multiple thoughts in one sentence.
• It’s easier to imagine the object before the action.

Shaan Puri. (2022). Power writing.

1. Write at 5th - 8th grade reading level.
2. Don’t use adverbs.
3. Put the subject first in a sentence.
4. Use visual language.
5. Rhymes and Alliteration work.
6. Keep it personal.
7. First Line, Last Line, and Formatting.

David Perell. (2019). Write of Passage.

• Wasted: Delete Extra Words
• Weak: The Pick One Principle
• Redunant: You can just remove word and keep your meaning

Joseph M. Williams. (1981). Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace.

• Use subjects to name the characters in your story
• Use verbs to name their important actions.

1. Delete words that mean little or nothing.
2. Delete words that repeat the meaning of other words.
3. Delete words implied by other words.
4. Replace a phrase with a word.
5. Change negatives to affirmatives.6. Delete useless adjectives and adverbs.

更多的

• 山口拓朗，九宫格写作法，中国青年。
• 罗伊尔，一本小小的红色写作书，阳光博客。
• 斯特伦克，风格的要素，新华。
• 拉罗克，写作之书，后浪。
• 贝诺夫，少说废话，湖南文艺。

Part 4: STRUCTURE

Dickie Bush. (2021). How To Start Writing Online.

1. Opener
2. Clarifies opener
3. Reinforces the point
4. Rounds out argument
5. Conclusion

Kieran Drew. (2023). High Impact Writing.

• Scroll Stopping Statement (Stops the scroll)
• Slippery Slope (Keep ‘em reading)
• Sexy Sentence (Packs a punch)

Part 5: SENTENCES

前飾句

• 余光中，翻译乃大道，外语教学与研究。
• 平克，风格感觉，机械工业。

主謂句

• 费什，如何遣词造句，译林。
• 程祥徽＆田小琳，现代汉语　北京师范大学。
• 麦克洛斯基，芝加哥大学写作课，机械工业。
• 加德纳，小说的艺术，中国人民大学。

修辭學

• 克拉克，精简写作，后浪。
• Harris. Writing With Clarity and Style.
• 納思邦，歷史的草稿，衛城。
• Lehrman. The Political Speechwriter's Companion.

Robert A. Harris. (2003). Writing With Clarity and Style.

• Parallelism
• Chiasmus
• Antithesis

Robert Lehrman. (2010). The Political Speechwriter's Companion.

• Antimetabole = Chiasmus
• Alliteration
• Antithesis = Parallelism + Antithesis
• Polyptoton

1. Climactic Order: Repetition from Least to Most Important
2. Move from Lists to Litany: any series of repetitive sentences
3. Compare and Contrast: Repetition to Become Quotable

Part 6: POETRY

『知性的散文，不論是議論文或雜文，只要能做到聲調鏗鏘，形象生動，加上文字整潔，條理分明，則儘管所言無關柔情美景或是慷慨悲歌，仍有其感性，能夠感人，成為美文。』——余光中，1994，散文的知性與感性。

David Perell. (2019). Write of Passage.

• Clear (Informative): instantly understandable
• Precise (Descriptive): Most possible meaning. Fewest possible words.
• Fresh (Fun): Clear, but not bland. Words people know but don’t say.

Susan M. Tiberghien. (2007). One Year to a Writing Life.

• Rhythm: Meter, Word Sounds, Extra Voltage
• Imagery: Image, Simile, Metaphor, Symbol
• Compression + Paradox

Julian Shapiro. (2021). Writing Well Handbook: Style.

1. directly describe how something is.
2. describe something by stating an effect it has on its environment.
3. by stating its effect but not mentioning the cause by name.
4. choose an effect that is unconventional, counterintuitive, or witty:

Andy Maslen. (2015). Persuasive Copywriting.

• Rhythm
• Pace
• Musicality
• Imagery
• Surprise

David Perell. Write of Passage.

• Rhythm: variety in words and sentences
• Compression: Remove Unnecessary Words
• Style: Compression vs Style